audio developer here :
LUTs are used in many places internally in audio DSP, such as for oscillators and waveshaping distortion effects - compressor response curves even.
what might be more analogous to colour-space LUTs would be the use of convolution processing, such as for a finite impulse response filter, or a nice juicy reverb effect. These are not LUTs in an exact sense as the output relies on convolution (MUL/ADD) operations stretching over many samples (in the case of reverbs, perhaps many seconds-worth of samples) ... and are often calculated using FFT for the sake of performance ... but in essence, a convolution process in audio determines what the output contribution of a single sample becomes via the process, so, it is *kinda* in the same ballpark : an impulse response is just another audio file, but rather than being used for playback, is used as a transform.
